[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/jak-funguji-jaderne-elektrarny\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/jak-funguji-jaderne-elektrarny\/","headline":"Jak funguj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny?","name":"Jak funguj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny?","description":"Princip z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie \u0161t\u011bpen\u00edm atom\u016f je kupodivu velmi prost\u00fd. Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna, v\u0161ichni si vybav\u00edme Temel\u00edn, nebo Dukovany, tak jako tak velik\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 […]","datePublished":"2019-01-26","dateModified":"2023-04-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/baa231f7e1963b29d6549eb0e137b049d877d4e97c51386f463c7d4fc98329bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/baa231f7e1963b29d6549eb0e137b049d877d4e97c51386f463c7d4fc98329bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"nr1.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a340678_w2794_t1553597051.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a340678_w2794_t1553597051.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/jak-funguji-jaderne-elektrarny\/","wordCount":445,"articleBody":"Princip z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie \u0161t\u011bpen\u00edm atom\u016f je kupodivu velmi prost\u00fd. Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna, v\u0161ichni si vybav\u00edme Temel\u00edn, nebo Dukovany, tak jako tak velik\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee, ze kter\u00fdch se kou\u0159\u00ed. Tato \u010d\u00e1st v\u0161ak ve skute\u010dnosti energii nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed. Energie p\u016fvodn\u011b vznik\u00e1 v m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201ejadern\u00fd reaktor\u201c. Tato \u010d\u00e1st elektr\u00e1rny m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jako jedin\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. Proto je ukryt pod masivn\u00edm betonov\u00fdm sarkof\u00e1gem. Jedn\u00e1 se o pom\u011brn\u011b velik\u00e9 dut\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuje palivov\u00e9 ty\u010de. V t\u011bchto samotn\u00fdch doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed radioaktivn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. P\u0159i \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed vznik\u00e1 velmi vysok\u00e9 a intenzivn\u00ed teplo, kter\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 kapalinu, kter\u00e1 ty\u010de samotn\u00e9 obt\u00e9k\u00e1. T\u00edm \u017ee se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1, palivo se naopak ochlazuje. Tato tekutina je pak trubkou v podob\u011b par vyvedena mimo reaktor a je ochlazov\u00e1na chladnou vodou v okruhu sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm, ve kter\u00e9m se tekutina nikdy nem\u00e1 \u0161anci dostat do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kontaktu s reaktorem. Tato voda se okam\u017eit\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed v p\u00e1ru. Ta pak rozt\u00e1\u010d\u00ed turb\u00ednu, kter\u00e1 sv\u00fdm to\u010div\u00fdm pohybem pomoc\u00ed soustavy magnet\u016f a c\u00edvek, indukuje elektrick\u00fd proud. Jedn\u00e1 se o princip, kter\u00fd je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n i u z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00ed, \u010di jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny. P\u00e1ra pot\u00e9 od gener\u00e1tor\u016f putuje do ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch chlad\u00edc\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Zde \u010d\u00e1st postupuje vzh\u016fru do nebes, co\u017e pak vn\u00edm\u00e1me jako kou\u0159 z on\u011bch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed (ve skute\u010dnosti se jedn\u00e1 o ne\u0161kodnou p\u00e1ru), a zbytek se naopak ochlad\u00ed, tak zvan\u011b zkondenzuje neboli zkapaln\u00ed a pot\u00e9 st\u00e9k\u00e1 skrz \u201ekom\u00edny\u201c dol\u016f a vrac\u00ed se zp\u011bt do ob\u011bhu v sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm okruhu. Vypa\u0159en\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st se pak mus\u00ed doplnit z jin\u00e9ho zdroje, proto pobl\u00ed\u017e t\u011bchto v\u00fdroben proudu b\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00e1 vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e. V principu se tedy jedn\u00e1 o velmi jednoduch\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 materi\u00e1l\u016f se schopnost\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpit sv\u00e9 j\u00e1dro. Cel\u00fd proces pak prob\u00edh\u00e1 za nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a st\u0159e\u017een\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jak\u00e1koli nehoda je velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1 a ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f n\u011bjak\u00e9ho selh\u00e1n\u00ed byly hav\u00e1rie odvr\u00e1ceny. Bohu\u017eel se hovo\u0159\u00ed pouze o t\u011bch, u kter\u00fdch ji\u017e nebylo mo\u017eno d\u011blat zhola nic, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Fuku\u0161ima, nebo \u010cernobyl. Nemus\u00edte se ale v\u016fbec ni\u010deho ob\u00e1vat.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (7 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak funguj\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny?","item":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/jak-funguji-jaderne-elektrarny\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]