[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/struktura-svetove-populace\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/struktura-svetove-populace\/","headline":"Struktura sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace","name":"Struktura sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace","description":"V sou\u010dasnosti se ke studiu struktury obyvatelstva pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed znak\u016f a cel\u00e1 \u0159ada technik. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed znaky a krit\u00e9ria, podle kter\u00fdch se obyvatelstvo sleduje, jsou rozd\u011bleny […]","datePublished":"2019-09-24","dateModified":"2023-04-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/baa231f7e1963b29d6549eb0e137b049d877d4e97c51386f463c7d4fc98329bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/baa231f7e1963b29d6549eb0e137b049d877d4e97c51386f463c7d4fc98329bd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"nr1.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a354483_w3810_t1568988989.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a354483_w3810_t1568988989.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/struktura-svetove-populace\/","about":["Ekonomika"],"wordCount":486,"articleBody":"V sou\u010dasnosti se ke studiu struktury obyvatelstva pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed znak\u016f a cel\u00e1 \u0159ada technik. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed znaky a krit\u00e9ria, podle kter\u00fdch se obyvatelstvo sleduje, jsou rozd\u011bleny do 3 skupin: a) biologick\u00e9 znaky b) ekonomick\u00e9 znaky c) kulturn\u00ed znaky   BIOLOGICK\u00c9 znaky Struktura obyvatelstva se sleduje podle pohlav\u00ed, v\u011bku, zdravotn\u00edho vztahu atd. Maj\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch charakteristik jako je \u00famrtnost a plodnost. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b struktury obyvatelstva podle pohlav\u00ed se d\u011bl\u00ed dva typy populace: \u00b7 populace ekonomicky rozvinut\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f P\u0159eva\u017euje \u017eensk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo a utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se pod vlivem mnoha faktor\u016f \u2013 rozd\u00edln\u00e1 mortalita obou pohlav\u00ed, biologick\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti. \u00b7 populace rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed Zde p\u0159eva\u0159uje sp\u00ed\u0161e mu\u017esk\u00e1 populace, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je vid\u011bn siln\u00fd vliv migrace. Ve st\u00e1tech Evropy se dodnes projevuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty mu\u017e\u016f b\u011bhem 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Rasov\u00e1 struktura Rasa \u010dili plemeno je soubor jedinc\u016f, kter\u00e9 spojuje dlouhodob\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu se vytv\u00e1\u0159ely stejn\u00e9 znaky \u2013 barva pleti, o\u010d\u00ed \u010di vlas\u016f. D\u00edky tomuto v\u00fdvoji rozd\u011blujeme spole\u010dnost na 3 rasy: \u00b7 europoidn\u00ed \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed 45% a d\u011bl\u00ed se na indoevropskou a semitskou a hamitskou. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v Evrop\u011b, J a JZ Asii a \u010d\u00e1sti Ameriky \u00b7 mongoloidn\u00ed \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed 40%. D\u011bl\u00ed se na mongolskou a indi\u00e1nskou. Mongolov\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed ve V a S Asii a indi\u00e1ni v oblasti Bol\u00edvie a Peru. \u00b7 ekvatori\u00e1ln\u00ed\u2013 okolo 11% tvo\u0159\u00ed tato rasa. Rozd\u011bluje se na negroidn\u00ed a australoidn\u00ed, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v Africe a Austr\u00e1lii \u010di Oce\u00e1nii. \u00b7 4% tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u00ed\u0161enci, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozd\u011bluj\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch skupin: Mestici \u2013 m\u00ed\u0161enci mongoloidn\u00ed a europoidn\u00ed Mulati \u2013 m\u00ed\u0161enci negroidn\u00edch a europoidn\u00edch Zambov\u00e9 \u2013 m\u00ed\u0161enci mongoloidn\u00ed a negroidn\u00ed  EKONOMICK\u00c9 znaky Zam\u011bstnanost obyvatelstva se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 mezi 15 \u2013 60 lety. Bav\u00edme se o prim\u00e1rn\u00ed, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed, terci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kvart\u00e9rn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e. Spole\u010dnost se vyv\u00edjela do n\u00e1stupu pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce, kdy p\u0159edindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00edce zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vala na ru\u010dn\u00edch pr\u00e1ce a hlavn\u00ed byl prim\u00e1rn\u00ed sektor. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161la industri\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze, kdy se zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e a nakonec poindustri\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze. Roste pod\u00edl zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch v terci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kvart\u00e9rn\u00ed sf\u00e9\u0159e. KULTURN\u00cd znaky Jedn\u00edm ze znak\u016f je n\u00e1rodnost. Je to skupina lid\u00ed, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na spole\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stejn\u00fdm jazykem a maj\u00edc\u00ed stejn\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. R\u00e1da bych upozornila na rasismus, v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o z\u00e1va\u017enou v\u011bc. Tyto odborn\u00e9 pojmy jsou tedy velmi komplikovan\u011b rozd\u011blen\u00e9 a leckter\u00fd jedinec se m\u016f\u017ee spl\u00e9st. Av\u0161ak v\u0161eobecn\u00fd p\u0159ehled je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd v tomto sv\u011bt\u011b informac\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Struktura sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace","item":"https:\/\/www.nr1.cz\/struktura-svetove-populace\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]